It is New Year at Camelot and a mysterious green knight appears at King Arthur’s court. Challenging the knights of the Round Table to a Christmas game, he offers his splendid axe as a prize to whoever is brave enough to behead him with just one strike. The condition is that his challenger must seek him out in a year and a day to have the deed returned. Sir Gawain accepts and decapitates the stranger, only to see him pick up his head, walk out of the hall and ride away on his horse. Now Gawain must complete his part of the bargain, search for his foe and confront what seems his doom…
Michael Smith’s translation of this magnificent Arthurian romance draws on his intimate experience of the North West of England and his knowledge of mediaeval history, culture and architecture. He takes us back to the original poetic form of the manuscript and brings it alive for a modern audience, while revealing the poem’s historic and literary context.
The book is beautifully illustrated throughout with detailed recreations of the illuminated lettering in the original manuscript and the author’s own linocut prints, each meticulously researched for contemporary accuracy. This is an exciting new edition that will appeal both to students of the Gawain-poet and the general reader alike.
For the head in his hand he then holds up,
Addressing his face to those dear on the dais,
And he lifts up his eyelids and looked full abroad
And didn’t mince much with his mouth, as you’ll hear.
“Look Gawain, now you must get ready to do as thou pledged
And, lord, look for me loyally until thou shalt find,
As thou hast promised in this hall and hereunto these knights.
So I charge thee to choose the road to the Green Chapel, to fetch
Such a dent as thou dealt and deserve,
To be yielded by contract on New Year’s morn;
The Knight of the Green Chapel is how many men know me
And you’ll not fail to find me if you ask of my name
Therefore do come, or a coward be called, as you wish.”
With a raging rush the reins he tugs,
And hailed out of the hall door, his head in his hand,
So that fire as from flint flew from all those fast hooves.
To what kith he belongs, no-one there knew
No more than they knew to where he was winding.
What then?
The King and Gawain there
At the Green Knight laughed again;
He was blatant and full bare
A marvel amongst those men.
Though Arthur that honourable king held wonder in his heart,
He let no semblance of it be seen, but said full high,
To his comely queen with most courteous speech,
“Dear Dame, never let this day dismay you
For it well becomes such craft upon Christmas,
As like an interlude to the laughter and singing
And most kindly carolling of our knights and ladies;
Nevertheless, to my meal must I now address -
I cannot forsake eating for the sight that I have seen.”
Then he glanced at Sir Gawain and gamely he said,
“Now, sir, hang up thine axe – it’s had enough of hewing.”
And it was put to dangle above the dais on the doser to hang
For all men to marvel at, who might care so to look,
And by true title thereof to tell of that wonder.
Then they busied to the tables, those nobles together:
The King and the good knight were both keenly served
Of all dainties double as befalls such dear men,
With all manner of meat and minstrelsy both;
With a wealth of warmth they passed that day till it wound to an end
on land.
Now think well, Sir Gawain,
Of the danger you can’t command
From this adventure so obtained
That thou hast taken in hand.
For the head in his hand he then holds up,
Addressing his face to those dear on the dais,
And he lifts up his eyelids and looked full abroad
And didn’t mince much with his mouth, as you’ll hear.
(lines 444-495)
Gawain Three Stanza Sample (taken from the seduction scenes in Fitt 3):
She comes to the curtain and peeps at the knight,
And she worthily welcomed Sir Gawain forthwith;
She gives him again the full joy of her words,
Sits softly by his side and sweetly she laughs,
And with lovely looks she let sing of these words:
“Sir, if thee be Gawain, I wonder and think
Why a warrior so worthy and in all ways so good
Knows nothing of courtliness nor of its customs,
And when men give you knowledge you cast it away;
For thou quick hast forgot what I taught yesterday
By token of the truest of talk that I know.”
“What’s that?” said Gawain, “I would never do that -
If it be as you brief, then the blame is all mine!”
“Yet I schooled you in kissing”, said that comely one,
“And where such customs are cultured then be quick to claim,
As becomes such a knight who calls himself courteous!”
“Do away with such speech, my dear,” said Gawain,
“For I dare not do that lest I were denied –
And if proffered then refused, I would wit I was wrong.”
“By my faith,” said the merry wife, “who would refuse you –
Who has stout strength enough to constrain as you like
Any who were so villainous as would deny you?”
“Ye by God,” said Gawain, “your speaking is good
But threats are ill-thought of in the land where I live
When a gift that is given is not made with good will;
I am at your command to kiss when you like;
You may learn what you like and leave off when you think it
The case.”
The lady bows low down
And sweet does kiss his face,
With much speech they then expound
Of love’s grimness and its grace.
“I would wish to learn of you ”, that worthy she said,
“If you were not wrathful, what would be the reason
That so young and so youthful as you at this time,
So courteous, so knightly, as you are known widely -
And in the chronicles of chivalry the chief thing most praised
Is the loyal lore of love, its letters of arms;
For it tells in such teaching of the truest of knights,
In the title and token and text of its works,
How out of loyal love ventured lords for their ladies,
Endured for their doting the most dreadful of days
Avenged with their valour and avoided all care
And brought bounteous bliss to the bowers of their ladies -
Yet you, the most courteous known knight of your age,
Whose word and whose worship walks far and wide,
And has sat by yourself with me two different times
Yet I never heard your head herald those words
That ever spoke love, neither little nor lots;
You who are courteous and crafted in manners
Ought to a youngster be yearning to show
And teach some tokens of true love’s crafts!
Why! Are you low-witted, for all that you wield,
Or else deem me too dull for your dalliance to harken?
For shame!
I come here single and sit
To learn from you some game
Do teach me of your wit
While my lord elsewhere seeks fame.”
“In good faith,” said Gawain, “may God yield you wealth!
It brings me great glee and also huge joy
That so worthy as you would wind up here
And pain you with so poor a man to play with as your knight
With all kinds of compliance – it comforts me greatly!
But to trouble myself to expound on true love
And teach of the themes, texts and tales of chivalry
To you who - I know well - has far more skill
In that art, by half, of a hundred of me
As I am now or ever shall be, so long as I live on earth;
It would be folly full-fold, fair lady, in truth.
But I would at your willing work with my might,
As I am highly beheld, and evermore will
Be a servant to you, so save me dear God.”
Thus this fair lady fished and oft tried to find out
How to win him great woe by what means that she could,
But his defence was so fair no offence could be taken
Nor no evil, by neither half; nought could be wrought
But bliss;
They laughed and talked for long
And at last she did him kiss;
She took fair leave by tongue
And went her way like this.
She comes to the curtain and peeps at the knight…
(lines 1476-1558)
It is New Year at Camelot and a mysterious green knight appears at King Arthur’s court. Challenging the knights of the Round Table to a Christmas game, he offers his splendid axe as a prize to whoever is brave enough to behead him with just one strike. The condition is that his challenger must seek him out in a year and a day to have the deed returned. Sir Gawain accepts and decapitates the stranger, only to see him pick up his head, walk out of the hall and ride away on his horse. Now Gawain must complete his part of the bargain, search for his foe and confront what seems his doom…
Michael Smith’s translation of this magnificent Arthurian romance draws on his intimate experience of the North West of England and his knowledge of mediaeval history, culture and architecture. He takes us back to the original poetic form of the manuscript and brings it alive for a modern audience, while revealing the poem’s historic and literary context.
The book is beautifully illustrated throughout with detailed recreations of the illuminated lettering in the original manuscript and the author’s own linocut prints, each meticulously researched for contemporary accuracy. This is an exciting new edition that will appeal both to students of the Gawain-poet and the general reader alike.
For the head in his hand he then holds up,
Addressing his face to those dear on the dais,
And he lifts up his eyelids and looked full abroad
And didn’t mince much with his mouth, as you’ll hear.
“Look Gawain, now you must get ready to do as thou pledged
And, lord, look for me loyally until thou shalt find,
As thou hast promised in this hall and hereunto these knights.
So I charge thee to choose the road to the Green Chapel, to fetch
Such a dent as thou dealt and deserve,
To be yielded by contract on New Year’s morn;
The Knight of the Green Chapel is how many men know me
And you’ll not fail to find me if you ask of my name
Therefore do come, or a coward be called, as you wish.”
With a raging rush the reins he tugs,
And hailed out of the hall door, his head in his hand,
So that fire as from flint flew from all those fast hooves.
To what kith he belongs, no-one there knew
No more than they knew to where he was winding.
What then?
The King and Gawain there
At the Green Knight laughed again;
He was blatant and full bare
A marvel amongst those men.
Though Arthur that honourable king held wonder in his heart,
He let no semblance of it be seen, but said full high,
To his comely queen with most courteous speech,
“Dear Dame, never let this day dismay you
For it well becomes such craft upon Christmas,
As like an interlude to the laughter and singing
And most kindly carolling of our knights and ladies;
Nevertheless, to my meal must I now address -
I cannot forsake eating for the sight that I have seen.”
Then he glanced at Sir Gawain and gamely he said,
“Now, sir, hang up thine axe – it’s had enough of hewing.”
And it was put to dangle above the dais on the doser to hang
For all men to marvel at, who might care so to look,
And by true title thereof to tell of that wonder.
Then they busied to the tables, those nobles together:
The King and the good knight were both keenly served
Of all dainties double as befalls such dear men,
With all manner of meat and minstrelsy both;
With a wealth of warmth they passed that day till it wound to an end
on land.
Now think well, Sir Gawain,
Of the danger you can’t command
From this adventure so obtained
That thou hast taken in hand.
For the head in his hand he then holds up,
Addressing his face to those dear on the dais,
And he lifts up his eyelids and looked full abroad
And didn’t mince much with his mouth, as you’ll hear.
(lines 444-495)
Gawain Three Stanza Sample (taken from the seduction scenes in Fitt 3):
She comes to the curtain and peeps at the knight,
And she worthily welcomed Sir Gawain forthwith;
She gives him again the full joy of her words,
Sits softly by his side and sweetly she laughs,
And with lovely looks she let sing of these words:
“Sir, if thee be Gawain, I wonder and think
Why a warrior so worthy and in all ways so good
Knows nothing of courtliness nor of its customs,
And when men give you knowledge you cast it away;
For thou quick hast forgot what I taught yesterday
By token of the truest of talk that I know.”
“What’s that?” said Gawain, “I would never do that -
If it be as you brief, then the blame is all mine!”
“Yet I schooled you in kissing”, said that comely one,
“And where such customs are cultured then be quick to claim,
As becomes such a knight who calls himself courteous!”
“Do away with such speech, my dear,” said Gawain,
“For I dare not do that lest I were denied –
And if proffered then refused, I would wit I was wrong.”
“By my faith,” said the merry wife, “who would refuse you –
Who has stout strength enough to constrain as you like
Any who were so villainous as would deny you?”
“Ye by God,” said Gawain, “your speaking is good
But threats are ill-thought of in the land where I live
When a gift that is given is not made with good will;
I am at your command to kiss when you like;
You may learn what you like and leave off when you think it
The case.”
The lady bows low down
And sweet does kiss his face,
With much speech they then expound
Of love’s grimness and its grace.
“I would wish to learn of you ”, that worthy she said,
“If you were not wrathful, what would be the reason
That so young and so youthful as you at this time,
So courteous, so knightly, as you are known widely -
And in the chronicles of chivalry the chief thing most praised
Is the loyal lore of love, its letters of arms;
For it tells in such teaching of the truest of knights,
In the title and token and text of its works,
How out of loyal love ventured lords for their ladies,
Endured for their doting the most dreadful of days
Avenged with their valour and avoided all care
And brought bounteous bliss to the bowers of their ladies -
Yet you, the most courteous known knight of your age,
Whose word and whose worship walks far and wide,
And has sat by yourself with me two different times
Yet I never heard your head herald those words
That ever spoke love, neither little nor lots;
You who are courteous and crafted in manners
Ought to a youngster be yearning to show
And teach some tokens of true love’s crafts!
Why! Are you low-witted, for all that you wield,
Or else deem me too dull for your dalliance to harken?
For shame!
I come here single and sit
To learn from you some game
Do teach me of your wit
While my lord elsewhere seeks fame.”
“In good faith,” said Gawain, “may God yield you wealth!
It brings me great glee and also huge joy
That so worthy as you would wind up here
And pain you with so poor a man to play with as your knight
With all kinds of compliance – it comforts me greatly!
But to trouble myself to expound on true love
And teach of the themes, texts and tales of chivalry
To you who - I know well - has far more skill
In that art, by half, of a hundred of me
As I am now or ever shall be, so long as I live on earth;
It would be folly full-fold, fair lady, in truth.
But I would at your willing work with my might,
As I am highly beheld, and evermore will
Be a servant to you, so save me dear God.”
Thus this fair lady fished and oft tried to find out
How to win him great woe by what means that she could,
But his defence was so fair no offence could be taken
Nor no evil, by neither half; nought could be wrought
But bliss;
They laughed and talked for long
And at last she did him kiss;
She took fair leave by tongue
And went her way like this.
She comes to the curtain and peeps at the knight…
(lines 1476-1558)